In order to study a variety of neutrino characteristics and physics questions, LBNF will use a "wide-band" beam that can produce neutrinos at a broad range of energies. The type, direction, and energy of these neutrinos-characteristics of the neutrino "beam"- determine what can be seen and studied at the detectors in South Dakota. The neutrinos studied by DUNE will get their start at Fermilab when a beam of protons smashes into a target at nearly the speed of light, creating unstable particles that decay to produce neutrinos. Milind Diwan, Brookhaven physicist and long-time advocate for a long baseline neutrino experiment. Department of Energy's (DOE) Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) in Batavia, Illinois, will send a beam of neutrinos 800 miles straight through the Earth (no tunnel needed for these ghostlike particles) that will arrive a split-second later at enormous particle detectors in the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota. Two laboratories will hold LBNF's major facilities. This international initiative, with over 1,000 collaborators from 30 different nations, will attempt to solve outstanding mysteries of our universe-like why matter even exists-by studying elusive particles called neutrinos. Excavation crews will be digging out four massive caverns as part of the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility ( LBNF), which will house the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment ( DUNE). On July 21, one mile beneath Lead, South Dakota, construction began on the first international mega-science experiment ever hosted on U.S. Chief Technology Officer Michael Kratsios South Dakota Governor Dennis Daugaard Project Manager Scott Lundgren, Kiewit/Alberici Executive Director Mike Headley, Sanford Underground Research Facility and Chair of the Board Casey Peterson, South Dakota Science and Technology Authority. Department of Energy Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy U.S. John Thune, South Dakota Associate Director of Science for High-Energy Research Jim Siegrist, U.S. Ground is broken! Attending the underground ceremony on July 21 were, from left: Fermilab Director Nigel Lockyer Executive Director of Programmes Grahame Blair, Science and Technology Facilities Council Professor Sergio Bertolucci, National Institute for Nuclear Physics in Italy Director for International Relations Charlotte Warakaulle, CERN Rep.
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